Fireplace stove and heater



Jan. 14, 1936. R. L. DAVISON El AL 2,028,088

FIREPLACE STdVE AND HEATER Filed Nov. 5, 1952 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 ,1 INVENITORS 44 43 v ROBERT L. DAVI?ON EDG W (5 BY TH TTORNEY Jan. 14, 1936. L DAWSON ET 2,028,088

FIRELAcE swoyg AND HEATER F iledNdv. 5, 1932 4 Sheets-$heet 2 was u 22b INVENTORS ROBERT L. DAWSON E GAR v LU 16 5E 25 3'7 THEIR ORNEY Jan. 14, 1936. R. L. DAVISON ET AL FIREPLACE STOVE AND HEATER Filed Nov. 5, 1932 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 Ill INVENTORS ROBERT LDAVISON EDGARV- L l Y i THEI ORNEY Jan. 14, 1936.

R. L. DAVISON El AL FIREPLACE STOVE AND HEATER Filed Nov. 5, 1952 I I I I 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTORS ROBERTlmDHWSON EiFAR v. LL)? THEI g RNEY Patented Jan. 14, 1936 FIREPLACE STOVE AND HEATER Robert L. Davison, New Yorlnand Edgar V. Ludwig, Buffalo, N. Y., assignors to John B. Pierce Foundation, New York, N. Y., a corporation of New York Application November 5, 1932, Serial No. 641,428

4 Claims. (01. 126121) The invention relates to improvementsin stoves V and heaters.

A feature of the invention is its adaptation as a fireplace, and the provision of doors which when in use render the heater of the non-fireplace type.

A feature of the invention is the provision of passages for the flow of air in heated relation to the combustion chamber and particularly relative to the fiues for the discharge of the hot products of combustion, whereby the room or-compartment is elevated in temperature by combined radiant and convection distribution.

A particular feature of the invention is the provision of a plurality of passages takingin air through ducts on opposite sides of the combustion chamber, one of said passages on each side affording heating of the air by contact with a lateral wall of the combustion chamber, another of said passages affording heating at the rear wall of the combustion chamber, and a collecting chamber for the merging of the thus separately heated air flows.

More particularly, the invention relates to a stove or heater comprising essentially a combustion chamber including a fire box suitable for coal or other fuel, flue passages conveying the heated products of combustion from the combustion chamber, such flue passages in whole or in substantial portion thereof being enclosed ina casing, which casing in turn encloses the combustion chamber, such casing providing for the flow and heating of separate air currents, one air flow being in heating engagement and about the exterior faces of the lateral and upper walls of the combustion chamber, the other air flow being about the exterior faces of the rear and upper walls of the combustion chamber, the air thus heated by and through the separate passages being merged and discharged above the combustion chamber.

Preferably, a plurality of lines and a collect- ,ing flue is provided for the discharge of the hot products of combustion and located in the heated air collecting chamber, for superheating the merged air flow before discharge from the collecting chamber.

Most effectively, provision is made for the conjoint air flow from opposite sides of the combustion chamber, the inflow for the two air flows being provided at the opposite sides of the combustion chamber by ducts disposed in vertically superposed relation.

Desirably, the combustion chamber is constructed to have a restricted area toward its top,

as by converging the rear wall of the combustion chamber toward the front wall. Desirably, also, horizontal flue pipes communicate with the combustion chamber at its top, the flue pipes communicating with a common or collecting flue pipe, all of which are enclosed within the heated air collecting chamber. Desirably, further, the outer casing may have its rear wall of re-entrant or other angular formation, conforming in general substantially to the contour of the converging upper portion of the rear wall of thecombustion chamber, to thereby more effectively increase the degree of heating of the thus directed air flow.

I'he heater may, if desired, serve as a hot air heater for the heating of one or more rooms in addition to the room in which the stove is located, the heating of the additional room or rooms being afforded by piping communicating with the collecting chamber, either directly or through a plenum chamber or other suitable means.

Further features and objects of the invention will be more fully understood from the following detail description and the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a vertical central section of a preferred form of the invention;

Fig. 2 is a front elevation of the embodiment shown in Fig. 1; this figure also illustrates a pair of doors for the front of the combustion chamber, one door being shown in its open position;

Fig. 3 is a detail substantially horizontal sectional view on line 3-3 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a rear perspective view of the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, portions of the outercasing being broken away to disclose otherwise hidden parts; 7

Fig. 5 is a horizontal sectional view on the line 5-5 of Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 is a side elevation showing an embodiment of the invention in the form of a warm air heater; and

Fig. '7 is a top plan view of Fig. 6;

Fig. 8 is a detail view of a grate bar and mounting for its rear end, in modification of corresponding parts shown in Fig. 3.

Referring to the drawings, which as above stated illustrate a more preferred form of the invention, a conventional fuel bed for solid fuel is indicated at H); H indicates a set of suitable grate bars which may be of the shaking grate bar type or of the stationary bar typ as preferred, i2 the combined coal guard and grate support which may be provided with fire brick 13. Any suitable burner for oil or other liquid fuel, or any suitable arrangement for gas fuel may be employed.

As illustrated, the opposite side walls Ma of the combustion chamber M may extend substantially vertically. The rear wall is preferably of angular formation, and may comprise the lowerly substantially vertically extending portion Mb, and the upper forwardly converging portion I; the resulting top wall lid of the combustion chamber is of materially reduced area.

The top wall Md is provided with one or more suitable flue openings Me, through which extend and communicate the corresponding one or more flue pipe sections l5b. Preferably, the flue pipe comprises a plurality of side-by-side flue pipe sections, each having a curved bend terminating in its lower end l5a which communicates with and through an opening Me; each flue pasage section l5b comprises further a substantially horizontally extending portion l5. The flue pipe sections l5b communicate with a manifold or collective flue having a discharge opening l5c communicating with the stack 16 of the building or other structure.

Desirably, doors are provided for the combustion chamber, to thereby regulate the heat distributed by direct radiation of the ignited fuel. Preferably, the door means comprises a pair of oppositely hinged door sections l1, l1, each shown mounted on a pair of vertically aligned hinges l8, l8. Each door l1 may have a draft damper l9, regulated by slide closure member 20. Each door may be provided with a handle or ring 2|. Ila is a shaker handle cover opening.

As above indicated, supplemental heating is provided by separate air flow by passages defining separate paths of flow of the air, the air through the separate passages being heated by contact over predetermined portions of the exterior faces of the walls of the combustion chamber. Most efiectively, such separate air flow is had by providing for the inflow of the air through intakes located on opposite sides of the combustion chamber. To facilitate manufacture of the heater as an entirety, the passages for the separate air inflow are constructed as a unit, and the configuration of the unit as a whole is selected for artistic effects, as may be desired.

Such separate inflow passages are a part of or communicate with the outer casing 22, see

' Fig. 4, which may include laterally extending portions 22a, on opposite sides of the combustion chamber [4 The lateral extensions 22a are of reduced vertical height as compared with the body of the outer casing 22. Vertically intermediate each extension 22a I locate a substantially horizontally extending dividing plate 23 which extends to substantially the rear wall of the combustion chamber, to thereby define in combi nation with the walls of such extension 22a and a lateral wall of the combustion chamber a lowerly disposed duct 24 having an intake 24a, and further similarly defines an upper duct 25 having an air intake 250., as appears clearly from Figs. 1, 2 and 4. The respective sets of air intakes 24a, 25a. at each of the opposite sides of the combustion chamber may be through grilles, which may be of any suitable formation, for artistic effect and preferably concealing the individual grille openings.

Each lowerly air duct 24 communicates with the rearward air passage 26 formed at a lowerly portion between the lower rear wall 22b and the lower portion llb of the rear wall of the combustion chamber. the rear wall of the outer casing is of angular formation, and as illustrated, comprises the converging wall portion 220, which merges with the lower wall portion 22b, then extends to the vertical wall portion 22d, then converges forwardly at the portion 22e, which last named wall portion of the rear wall of-the outer casing coacts with the forwardly converging rear wall portion Me of the combustion chamber. The uppermost portion 22f diverges rearwardly to meet the upper and top walls 22g of the outer casing. By such or equivalent arrangement of the stated communicating passages, air is conveyed through the intakes 240. at the respective opposite sides of the combustion chamber, thence flows substantially horizontally as indicated by the arrows 21, thence upwardly in the passage portions between the respective adjacent rear wall portions Mb, 22d, Me, 22c, and 22), as indicated by the arrows 28, toward and into the upper warm air collecting chamber 29. As appears from Figs. 1 and 4, the converging of the wall portion 220 relative to the rear wall of the combustion chamber, serves to restrict an area of the resulting air passage, and thereby increase its relative rate of flow. Such increased rate of air flow ensues, it will be observed, at a region of relatively high temperature, engendered by the relatively close proximity of the bed of burning fuel, thereby markedly increasing the rate of exchange of thermal units emitted by the burning fuel to the air flow through the stated region.

Increased exchange of heat energy is also afforded by the stated inwardly inclined wall portion Me of the combustion chamber and the stated inclination in a like direction of the stated wall portion 22e of the rear air channel.

The upper horizontal inflow air duct 25, at each side, leads to the vertical passage 30, see Fig. 4, which affords heating of the air in con tact with a side wall Ma. of the combustion cham ber; the passage 30 communicates at its upper end with the upper warm air collecting chamber 29, wherein the thus heated air merges with the air fed through the lower intake openings 24a. and heated as above described.

The rate of discharge and consequent relative degree of heating of the air may be controlled by a slide or other conventional regulator for the discharge slots 3| of the stated upwardly disposed warm air collecting chamber 29.

For artistic and simplified manufacturing purposes, the set of intake openings 24a, 25a, are formed at lowerly portions of a side plate 32, which may be corrugated or other angular formation as illustrated, the sets of openings 24a, 25a being in the form of vertically extending slots, disposed side-by-side horizontally, each slot being preferably formed in an inner web portion of the side plate for the purpose of concealment.

As appears in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, the plate l2 serves as a fuel guard, preferably in combination with the fire brick l3, thus forming an imperforate wall for the fuel bed toward the front opening of the combustion chamber. Coacting with the plate I2, we provide the angular plate l2b, the vertically extending portion of which directly abuts the lower edge of the plate I2. The horizontally extending portion l2c of the angular plate l2b is provided with downwardly opening recesses l2a coacting with removable arcuate supporting yokes 35, for respectively supporting the front ends Ila of the grate bars H. Cotter pins 36 passing through suitable openings Desirably, the upper portion of at the opposite end portions of each yoke and registering openings in the stated horizontal portion of the angular plate l2b, serve to secure the respective yokes 35 in position. ends Ila of the grate bars H are of any desired polygonal cross-section, and are received within corresponding cross-sectional openings of the conventional linkage 6| interconnecting the grate bars to afford rotation by means of a suitable shaker having also a corresponding cross-sectional opening. The handle of the shaker'is passed through the indicated opening in the door H; the stated opening is shown provided with a cover plate I'la.

By such provision, the linkage BI is located between the grate l2 and fire brick l3 and the door opening of the combustion chamber, thereby protecting the linkage from excessive heat and as well affording a clear space below the grate bars, as compared with the conventional practice of locating the linkage in the space below the grate bars.

Any grate bar may thus be removed and forwardly withdrawn by uncoupling its yoke 35 to permit the front end of the grate bar to drop, and to thereby afford forward movement and removal from position. Preferably, each grate bar is individually supported at its rear end, as by means of a cylindrical lug 38, received within an opening 39 in the rear wall D of the combustion chamber 1 4, see Fig. 1, and welded or otherwise secured therein, therear end portion llb of the grate bar being recessed to receive its lug 38.

The supporting plate I2 is secured in position by any suitable means, as by the provision of a vertical flange IZd, see Fig. 3, at each of its opposite ends, each of which flange 1211 is suitably retained in position as by means of capped screws 39. The cover plate 31 is suitably secured in position, as by capped screws 40, see Fig. 1, tapped into the tapped lugs Re, which extend horizontally at each end of the supporting plate l2.

The angular retaining plate 4| serves to retain the fire brick l3 in position and to protect'the upper faces of the same. The plate 4| is held in position by any suitable means, as by flanges at its opposite ends, and capped screws or equivalent tapped into the lateral walls l4a of the combustion chamber l4. ,7

The angle plates 42 carried by the respective doors I], serve to close the clearance between the doors and the fire brick retaining plate 4|.

clude the flow of air forwardly of the support for the burning fuel, thus causing the air supply for the burning fuel to pass under and through the grate bars. Each plate 42 may be secured to the inner face of its door by capped screws 4211, see Fig. 1, or other suitable means.

The vertically extending portion l2b of the supporting plate may be welded or otherwise secured to the upper or body portion I 2, or may be integral therewith.

The front or open face of the combustion chamber is relatively large, to simulate the open hearth or fireplace effect. The doors I! may be removed by removing the hinge pintles l lb. The doors are provided with the usual expansion vent openings No.

A pan 43 is shown in the ash pit 44 for the reception of ashes.

The invention is also adapted for use as a warm The forward air heater for a plurality of rooms or chambers.

In Figs. 6 and 7 is illustrated one preferred form of the invention as a warm air heater; the iilustrated embodiment comprises parts which correspond to the foregoing embodiments, like parts being designated by like reference characters. The embodiment includes a heated air collecting chamber 45 which is provided with one or more discharge openings 46, through which the merged heated air passes. As illustrated, the openings 46 may discharge into a plenum chamber 41 or equivalent having an upper end closing chamber 48, from which radiate the desired number of pipes, such as 49, 50, 5|, for conveying the heated air to the desired locations of discharge.v

The vertical and horizontal travel of the heated air is indicated by the arrows 52 and the arrows 53.

As shown in the illustrated form of the invention, a, false ceiling 55 and corresponding side walls 56 may be employed. However, any approved or other desirable construction of heated air collecting means and appurtenant parts may be used. The stack is indicated at 60.

The invention provides for eflicient superheating of the preheated air, the superheating stage being eflected by controlled heating relationship of the flue piping conducting the hot products of combustion.

As above set forth, the invention further provides for eflicient structural arrangement for the inflow and transition flow of separate passages on opposite sides of the combustion chamber. and acollecting chamber for the merged heated air in heated relation with the upper wall portions of the combustion chamber, the collected heated air being discharged into the room or chamber in which the heater is disposed or into a plenum chamber or equivalent means from which the heated air is led to the desired locations of discharge.

In the use of a plenum chamber, or equivalent, the room in which the heater is disposed is heated by radiant energy supplied from the fuel bed and also by the heat afforded by the exposed wall of the plenum or equivalent.

The construction shown in Fig. 8 conforms largely to that shown in Fig. 3, excepting that each grate bar is provided with a trunnion l I d at its rear, received within a shell He, serving as a bearing. Each shell He may be formed by shaping the rear wall Nb of the combustion chamber, or an opening may be formed in the rear wall I41) and the bearing shell attached by welding.

Whereas we have described our invention by reference to specific forms thereof, it will be understood that many changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention.

We claim:

1. A heater comprising a combustion chamber having an open front,- grate means disposed in said chamber, means coacting with said grate means for the support of solid fuel, said coacting means including an imperforate portion extending from the front of said grate means upwardly toward the open front of the chamber, pivoted door means for closing the open front of the chamber, said door means being substantially fiat and means carried by the door means for substantially precluding the flow of air forwardly of the vertically extending fuel supporting means and means.

2. A heater comprising a combustion chamber having an open front, grate means disposed in said chamber, means coacting with said grate means for the support of solid fuel, said coacting means including an imperforate portion extending from the front of said grate means upwardly toward the open front of the chamber, a pair of oppositely hinged doors for optionally closing the front of the chamber, and bars carried respectively by and on the inner faces of the doors and cooperating with the vertically extending fuel supporting means for substantially precluding the passage of air between the doors whenin closed position and the vertically extending fuel supporting means.

3. A heater comprising a combustion chamber having an open front, grate means disposed in said chamber, means coacting with said grate means provided with fire brick for the support of solid fuel, said coacting means including an imperforate portion extending from the front of the grate means upwardly toward the open front of the chamber, pivoted door means for optionally closing the open front of the chamber, and means carried by the door means on its inner face for cooperation with the upwardly extending fuel supporting means for substantially precluding the passage of air between the door means and the vertically extending fuel supporting means, said door means being provided with adjustable air flow means disposed below said air passage precluding means for affording air flow to and through said grate means.

4. The combination of a combustion chamber having side and rear walls gradually decreasing in cross sectional area. in upward direction, wall means disposed exteriorly of said combustion chamber having a front wall provided with an opening and in spaced relation to the rear wall of said combustion chamber and defining therewith a channel, the upper part of which increases in cross sectional area in upward direction, for the flow of air in heat exchange contact with the rear wall of said combustion chamber, a header in the upper part of said channel communicating with said combustion chamber, duct means comprising wall means disposed at one side and exteriorly of said combustion chamber and extending substantially from a location coincident with the front of said combustion chamber to a location substantially coincident with the rear wall of said combustion chamber and communicating at its rear with said heated air channel,

duct means comprising wall means disposed at one side and exteriorly of said combustion chamber and extending substantially from a location coincident with the front of said combustion chamber for the supply of air upwardly adjacent one side wall of the combustion chamber, said second-named duct means being disposed above said first-named duct means at the same side of said combustion chamber, fuel supporting means disposed within said combustion chamber and accessible through the opening of the front wall of said combustion chamber, and a casing inclusive of said rear wall means and of the wall means of said first-named duct means and of the wall means of said second-named duct means, respectively, surrounding said side walls and said rear wall of the combustion chamber serving to complete the resulting heated air channels.

ROBERT L. DAVISON. EDGAR V. LUDWIG. 

